Volume 26,2025 Issue 5

• Contents

  Abstract:2025年26卷第5期目次

  Abstract (66) HTML (0) PDF (208.78 K) (78) Collect
Military Aviation
• A Real-Time Method of Assessing Depth of Discharge Based on P2D Model
  LEI Xiaoben; HU Xinhua; WANG Hao

  Abstract:This paper establishes a real-time method of assessing their discharge state with discharge ability of nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries being at high-altitude and at low-temperature in operating conditions in affecting the reliability of aircraft in emergency power systems. First, an electrochemical P2D model is utilized for constructing a Ni-Cd battery model. This method enables core parameters to be sensitive to temperature, and recognizes to be capable of characterizing the discharge state, and the impact of temperature on the discharge state is translated into its effect on these core parameters. And then, a relationship between these core parameters and the direct current internal resistance (DCIR) is established. On the basis of this relationship, a equivalent circuit model is developed, and the model parameter identification is performed by using the Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC) method. The results show that by analyzing the correlation of model parameters (particularly DCIR) with temperature and DOD, a mapping relationship among temperature, internal resistance, and discharge state is successfully constructed. A method capable of effectively detecting the discharge state of Ni-Cd batteries at different temperatures is designed and implemented. This method can be simultaneously applied to real-time in-flight status monitoring and ground maintenance evaluations. And this method significantly improves the assessment accuracy of Ni-Cd battery in operational status, providing critical technical support for ensuring flight reliability.

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• CSM-YOLO:A Lightweight and High-Precision Network Geared to Defects on Aircraft Surface in Detecting
  JIE Zhanduo1; ZHANG Zhengming1; HUANG Haoran2; HAO Ming1; ZHAO Jianbang3

  Abstract:In view of the problems that in detecting defects often show on surface of aircraft by using existing visual-based method, there remains a low accuracy in detection, high parameters and expend time is more in computational consumption, and such a method is difficult to balance accuracy improvement with model lightweight, a new high-precision and lightweight aircraft surface defect detection method, called CSM-YOLO, is proposed. First, C2f module in the backbone network replaced by C2f-SCSA module is to dynamically enhance multi-scale features and improve the model’s ability to capture, extract, and utilize key feature information, solving the feature loss caused by down-sampling. Secondly, the Slim-Neck feature fusion network is improved with cross-layer connection and applied to the model neck, realizing the boosted computational efficiency and the detection accuracy and simultaneously cutting the information loss. Lastly, MPDIoU Loss is used to enhance bounding box regression accuracy and improve the detection precision of small target defects and cut false and missed detections. The experiments show that the CSMYOLO enables to achieve high precision and lightweight. A maximum detection accuracy of 88.34% on surface defects can be reached, and there is a 2.92% improvement compared with the baseline YOLOv8n model, and the improvement in computation is obvious compared with the YOLOv3-tiny, the YOLOv5n, the YOLOv5s, the YOLOv7-tiny, the YOLOv9t and the YOLOv12n respectively. In aspect of model parameters and computation, for the CSM-YOLO, there is a parameter of 2.67×106/s and a computational cost of 7.68×109/s, reducing the baseline YOLOv8n by 0.34×106/s and 0.41×109/s respectively. And the CSM-YOLO is balancing the accuracy improvement with the model lightweight. Moreover, the CSMYOLO delivered significant performance gains on the aircraft surface defect detection dataset, offering an effective automated solution for surface defect detection.

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• A Model of Predicting the Consumption of Fuel for Aircraft in Dynamic Time-Series Based on LSTM-KAN Network
  TANG Zhixing1; NIU Zhaolun1; FAN Yijie1; YANG Ruichao1; ZHONG Yuming2; JIA Meng3; TANG Xiaowei4

  Abstract:In view of the problem that it is very difficult for traditional methods to capture the intricate and nonlinear relationship between flight states and fuel consumption, this paper proposes a method of predicting the consumption of fuel for aircraft in dynamic time-based on the LSTM-KAN Network. First, eight key flight state parameters from QAR (quick access recorder) data in the terminal area-including altitude, true airspeed, and wind speed-the model employs KAN layers with B-spline basis functions in combination with a basic output structure are utilized for accurately capturing the nonlinear relationships between flight states and fuel consumption. And then, the KAN network logging on the final time step of the LSTM network is to achieve high-precision modeling of the dynamic time-varying patterns in the consumption of fuel for aircraft. The experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.001, with 98.32% of the test set exhibiting a root mean square error (RMSE) below 0.09 1 kg/h. Additionally, the coefficient of determination (R2) reaches even more 0.989 7, significantly outperforming traditional models such as MLP (Multilayer Perceptron), standalone LSTM, and Transformer. The findings can be applied to optimization of airline fuel efficiency and airspace operations, thereby promoting greener practices in civil aviation.

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• An Algorithm of Detecting GSS-YOLO Object Geared to Surface Defects of Strip Materials
  XIAO Yilei1; WANG Cheng1; QU Yi1; KONG Yakang1; CHEN Xiancong1; WANG Xiaoxu2

  Abstract:In view of the problems that intelligent detection technology in the process of strip surface defect detection is low in accuracy, missing in detection and false in detection, a GSS-YOLO object detection optimization algorithm is proposed based on YOLOv8n. The model is to organically integrate the Neck network of the GOLD-YOLO algorithm with the Ultralytics to improve the detection accuracy of the model for defects of different sizes and shapes. In order to balance the gap in identifying the effect of different defect types and reducing the complexity of the network structure, two lightweight modules in the Slim-Neck structure are introduced, i.e. lightweight convolution VoVGSCSP and efficient channel attention mechanism SimAM, enable to improve the detection accuracy and generalization ability of the model, and to simultaneously limit the expansion of the computational and weight volume of the model. It appears from relying on the classical strip surface defect dataset NEU-DET, thaw experiment, lateral comparison experiment that the average accuracy of the model is 3.7% higher than that of the benchmark model, and the gap between the detection accuracy of various defects is reduced, thus the detection accuracy meeting not only the requirements, but also guaranteeing at running speed. In comparison with the current mainstream models, this model has a certain advantage in detection accuracy, and is in reference value to the application of defect detection in actual industrial production.

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Aerospace Defense
• Wavelet Packet Decomposition-Based Anti-ISRJ Method for LFM Radar
  ZHANG Yu; GUO Yiduo; ZHANG Qiuyue; FENG Cunqian

  Abstract:This study addresses the significant impact of interrupted-sampling repeater jamming (ISRJ) on linear frequency modulated radar target detection performance by introducing a novel anti-jamming technique grounded in wavelet packet decomposition. The proposed method innovatively constructs a jamming suppression framework based on invariant feature extraction, leveraging waveform prior information of radar signals. This approach overcomes the limitations associated with traditional strategies centered around “jamming parameter estimation + jamming suppression”, which are prone to loss of target information. Experimental results indicate that the method demonstrates superior capability in preserving target information under conditions of low jamming-to-signal ratio, high overlap of jamming and target signals, and complex jamming scenarios, outperforming conventional time-domain and time-frequency domain methods by achieving target information loss of less than 1.67%. The method significantly enhances target detection accuracy, showing robust performance in complex jamming environments and effectively mitigating ISRJ-induced jamming, thus exhibiting substantial application potential.

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• A Multi-Scale Phase Consistency Feature-Based Alignment Method
  XU Siyuan1; GUO Ping1; PAN Zhe1; TANG Shiyang2

  Abstract:Different types of sensors differ from radiation mechanisms. The images among multi-modal remote sensors are characterized by significant source and geometric distortions. For the non-linear radiation problem in SAR images, though the phase consistency methods have strong robustness, this method is sensitive to scale changes in processing images. In order to achieve multi-scale alignment of visible light and SAR remote sensing images, a multi-scale phase consistency feature-based alignment method is proposed. First, a multi-scale spatial domain is constructed by using the Gaussian functions, and the detection of phase consistency is performed to the images at different scale layers to extract feature points. A multi-scale fusion algorithm is used to fuse the phase consistency feature points with multi-scale features. And then, a description based on the maximum amplitude response and direction index of the Log-Gabor filter in polar coordinates is constructed for alignment. Finally, the correct matches are identified by using the nearest neighbor ratio and fast sample consistency. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is significant superior to the multi-scale alignment of visible light and the SAR images, improving the alignment accuracy.

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Electronic Information and Communication Navigation
• On the Model of DME Spectrum Idle Time and Analysis of Throughput in LDACS-CR System
  WANG Lei; YE Qiuxuan; ZHANG Jin

  Abstract:Spectrum resources being short at L-band in digital aeronautical communication system (LDACS), this paper introduces a cognitive radio (CR) technology to improve communication efficiency by reasonably utilizing its idle spectrum on the premises of normal operation of distance measuring equipment (DME) being not affected. Firstly, the system framework of LDACS-CR is designed and DME spectrum occupancy is modeled by utilizing a two-state Markov chain, and then cyclo-stationary feature detection is utilized for perceiving DME signals in combination with estimating channel average periods to analyze their spectral idle time by existing methods. Finally, the throughput of LDACS-CR system is analyzed under conditions of different scenarios. The research results indicate that by introducing cognitive radio technology, LDACS systems can achieve higher data transmission rates, providing new ideas for spectrum planning and deployment

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• A Design and Research of Flexible UWB-MIMO Antenna Based on Inkjet Printing
  YANG Wendong; WANG Jia; REN Xiaokui; ZHAO Xun; CHENG Xi

  Abstract:Aimed at the problems that the traditional rigid MIMO antennas are large in space occupation, complex in structure, and manufacturing process is tedious, two types of flexible MIMO antennas, a symmetrically arranged two-element flexible MIMO antenna and an orthogonally arranged four-element flexible MIMO antenna, are proposed in this paper. Prototypes of both antennas are successfully manufactured on a flexible PET substrate by adopting the low-cost, simple and easy-to-modify inkjet printing technology. The measured results show that the reflection coefficient of the two-element flexible MIMO antenna is a range from 2.74 to 12.47 GHz, while that of the four-element flexible MIMO antenna is a range from 2.7 to 13.4 GHz, both of which are in excellent agreement with the simulation results. For the two-element flexible MIMO antenna, the T-shaped branch structure is utilized for making its isolation meet the needs of 15 dB, while the quaternary flexible MIMO antenna achieves an isolation of greater than 20 dB through the orthogonal configuration of the ports. These antennas are characterized by a low profile, low cost, transparency, flexibility, and simple structure, along with good diversity performance, making them suitable for communication application in requiring multiple antennas.

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• A Design and Evaluation of Situation Display Human-Computer Interface Based on Intuitive Interaction
  CHEN Shuai1; QU Jue1; DANG Sina1; WANG Wei1; XIA Yan2

  Abstract:Aimed at the problems that high cognitive load and information oversaturation are present in the process of human-computer interaction for combat personnel, this paper explores a design method of human-computer interface layout and display form based on intuitive interaction. Three kinds of intuitive interface layout and display forms are proposed for the main screen and secondary display interface of typical situational display interface, and a subjective-objective evaluation system is constructed through eye-tracking data collection and subjective questionnaire survey. The experimental results show that the combination of surrounded centralized layout with drop-down menu in the main screen interface, and the combination of split-column 2-type layout with hidden menu in the sub-display interface are best in the optimal performance. Based on this method, the traditional interface is intuitively designed by adopting the CRITICTOPSIS method to evaluate the experimental data of interface perception (the closeness of the traditional interface serves as 0, and the intuitive interface serves as 1), realizing that the design of intuitive interfaces could effectively reduce the cognitive load of the battlefield personnel and enhance the efficiency of information processing. The research results can provide an innovative method and practice path for the field of direct-sense interface design, and its subjective and objective comprehensive evaluation system has a certain application value in the evaluation of interface design.

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Unmanned Combat
• An Air Combatant Corridor Planning for Multiple UAVs Based on Delaunay Mesh and Bidirectional Search
  LI Qiang1; WAN Lujun1;2; LYU Maolong1; XIAO Boyi1

  Abstract:In the context of multi-UAV combat scenarios, there is a method, i.e. air combatant corridor planning, in its way of enabling rapid traversal through controlled areas and reaching the combat zone, and this method is based on Delaunay mesh triangulation. First, a search map is constructed by discretizing the distribution structure of battlefield airspace and by using Delaunay mesh triangulation. Then, the quality of the generated mesh is evaluated and detected by calculating the aspect ratio, and then the mesh is optimized to improve its quality. Finally, a bidirectional search strategy is designed to enhance the traditional A* algorithm, facilitating cost-minimized path planning on the generated map and achieving corridor of the planned path. The experimental results show that the air combat corridor planning method can effectively avoid threats, is valid and superior

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• An Effective Assessment of Drone Swarm Operations Based on Architecture Design and Cloud Mode
  ZHAO Zijun1; CHEN Shitao1;2; LI Daxi3; DENG Hao1; CHENG Xiangjun1

  Abstract:Aimed at the problems that as for an effective assessment of drone swarm operations, index systems are complex and incomplete, subjectivity is strong, and deviation is large in assessment methods, this paper proposes a top-down architecture design-combined weighting-cloud model evaluation method. Firstly, the swarm combat system is modeled on the general view, combat view, and the system view by the system structure design method, and then the equipment system is decomposed to construct the swarm combat effectiveness evaluation index system, and the combination assignment-cloud model evaluation method is applied to assign and evaluate the index system, generating the evaluation cloud model of indicators of all levels and the comprehensive evaluation cloud model in combination of the cloud features with the cloud evaluation cloud model to generate the evaluation cloud model of all levels. Finally, it appears from the experiments that the assessment method is valid, and is superior to the traditional methods.

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• Research on the Decentralized Control Method of Electric Unmanned Aerial Vehicles with Distributed Electric Propulsion Systems
  WANG Long; LI Hongbo; LI Tianxing

  Abstract:To address issues such as single-point failures and insufficient anti-interference capabilities in traditional centralized control architectures for distributed electric propulsion systems, a decentralized cooperative control method is proposed. First, a distributed architecture based on dynamic traction consensus is designed to achieve high-precision speed synchronization of multiple motors through information coordination, eliminating reliance on a central controller. Second, a sliding mode observer is developed to reconstruct composite disturbances in real time, enhancing control performance under disturbances. Finally, simulations are conducted using a hardware-in-the-loop platform. The results show that compared to centralized control, the proposed method improves synchronization accuracy by 5.3 times, reducing the maximum error from 4.69% to 0.77%. Fault redundancy and disturbance compensation performance are significantly enhanced, eliminating yaw caused by force imbalances and enabling stable flight of DEP-UAVs. This research provides technical support for the design of highly reliable electric propulsion systems in unmanned aerial vehicles.

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Airport Protection
• An Abrasion Resistance Simulation and a Test on Grooved Slab at Assembled Airport for Macro Construction
  CAI Jing1;2; YAO Lei1; SONG Zhaoshang2; WANG Genye2; SHANG Liming2

  Abstract:In order to improve the durability of assembled grooved pavement, assembled airports should be investigated for wear resistance of macroscopic grooved structures of cement concrete grooved pavement necessarily to obtain the optimal characteristic parameters of macroscopic grooved structures. A tire-assembled grooved pavement interaction simulation model is used to analyze pavement wear under aircraft impact taxiing. Wear tests of pavement specimens are conducted by using a steel wheel wear testing machine, and pavement wear resistance is analyzed by using point cloud scanning technology. Through numerical simulations of the macro structural parameters of different groove surface features, the pavement wear volume and tire stress are obtained. Optimized macro structural feature parameters are derived. Based on the experimental tests and point cloud scanning data analysis, the relationship between different macro structural feature parameters of the grooves and the wear rate is revealed, leading to the determination of the optimal macro structural feature parameters. The results show that the wear rate of the pavement with rectangular grooves is higher than that of the pavement with trapezoidal grooves. When the groove space of groove is between 35~40 mm, the width of groove is between 15~25 mm, the depth of groove is between 2~4 mm, and the chamfer of groove is at an angle of between 25°~60°, the pavement wear rate and tire stress are comparatively low, helping extend the service life of both the pavement and the tire.

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