This paper reviews the developing course of the erosion-wear resistant materials and the protective technology of hydraulic equipment, discusses the relationship between the material microstructure and the mechanical property. Through analyzing the present situation of the application of the materials, it is obtained that the surface coating treatment is the effective method of resolving erosion-wear and the key to resisting erosion-wear is the design and selection of the material. Finally, the paper presents the prediction to and looks forward to the erosion-wear resistant materials and the protective techniques.