In order to solve the problems of low information utilization and low positioning reliability in the complex battlefield electromagnetic environment, and the difficulty of building an electromagnetic situation database to train deep learning models, this paper proposes a radiation source localization algorithm based on electromagnetic situation data matching. The propagation characteristics under this condition are extracted from the electromagnetic data of the target area, and the propagation data under the visual condition is constructed, and the two parts of the data are matched by window sliding to estimate the possible location of the radiation source. The simulation experiment results show that the algorithm studied in this paper has an average positioning error of less than 64.7 m under the condition of 0.1 perception node proportion, and the required time is only 0.334 s.