In order to study the influence of the interference on the mechanical performance of the bolt connection structure, research work is made by adopting the finite element analysis method based on the experimental verification taking the model of bolt interference connection structure of aircraft wing commonly used in the aviation engineering as an object of study. Firstly, the built model is verified by the test based on the reliability of the threedimensional elasticplastic finite element analysis model of bolted connection structure. Secondly, a parameter analysis model of bolt connection structure of aircraft wing under six different interference quantities is established. The influence of different interference quantities on the stress distribution, initial stiffness and bearing capacity of bolt connection structure is systematically analyzed and compared. Finally, the results show that the stress distribution and the stress concentration of the bolt connection structure can be improved obviously by using the appropriate interference fit. In the selected interference range (0~2.5%), with the increase of the interference amount, the peak stress of the hole edge structure is farther away from the hole edge. When the interference amount is 1.5%, the peak stress of the hole edge is the smallest. At the same time, when the interference amount is 1.5%, the initial stiffness and bearing capacity increase by 14.1% and 9.33% respectively.