The existing concept of aircraft structural integrity has been evolved under the conditions that the aircraft was in normal use. Operational use is the fundamental function of military aircraft. The traditional concept of aircraft structural integrity has some limitations, and it is not suitable for military aircraft in operational phase. Through the improvement and deepening of the traditional concept of aircraft structural integrity, concepts of military aircraft openational integrity, recoverability and military aircraft structural openational integrity are put forward in this paper, and the connotation of the military aircraft structural operational integrity is expounded. Finally, the evaluation methods of military aircraft structural operational integrity and the related test methods involved in the evaluation are discussed.