To meet the practical needs of large thrust, high energy and special electromagnetic environment in the process of the missile launching and reducing the magnitude of the driving current, a mode of the missile’s entire augmented electromagnetic rail launcher by quadrupole magnetic field and a mode of the missile’s segmented augmented electromagnetic rail launcher by quadrupole magnetic field are proposed. The energy conversion efficiencies of two models are analyzed theoretically and recounted by the specific example. Current distributions in rails, thrust performances of models and loading characteristics of the launcher’ modules are studied by the finite element analysis. The results show that the segmented augmented model’s energy conversion efficiency is higher than entire augmented model’s, and increases with the number of segments. Under the action of the protector plate, the proximity effects of currents in rails of two models are alleviated. Propulsive force of augmented models is higher than that of the basic model, the driving current magnitude can be reduced to guarantee the same propulsive force. The rail and the protector plate of segmented augmented model take less force, and they are periodic changes in the launching process, while the rail and protector plate of the entire augmented model take more. These augmented models both optimize the launcher’s performances in varying degrees. This can apply the missile electromagnetic launch engineering practice with theoretical guidance The comprehensive performances of the segmented augmented model are better than that of the entire augmented model.