For analyzing the takeoff and landing process of airplane accurately and finding the basis of the runway length design, the differential equations for takeoff and landing running process are established and resolved. The running performance model is built by Simulink program based on the differential equations. The Simulation model is validated to be effective by the contrast in speed and acceleration data, the theoretic results and the simulation results. The running process of the airplane is analyzed by using the model; the results show that the takeoff process and landing process without drogue parachute could be approximately considered as a uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion, the landing process with drogue parachute is relatively complicated. Finally, the affections of three main factors are studied and the results show that the relationships between running length and airfield altitude or wind speed are approximately linear, the relationship between running length and attack angle is nonlinear and the minimum point of running length appears at the attack angle of 8°. The analysis of airplane running state can be taken as basis for runway length and taxiway high speed exit position design.