The charge-coupled device (CCD) is the key component of the beacon subsystem in optical satellite communication system, whose efficiency determines the integral performance of the optical communication system. According to the theory of Shockley-Read-Hall, the theoretical analysis of CCD equipment under particle radiation is made, and the numerical calculations are developed based on the theoretical analysis. The calculation results show that the mean dark current of P-CCD increases with the increase of operation temperature, the stronger particle radiation leads to the higher mean dark current and the hot spikes are strongly random; the temperature more effectively induces CCD mean dark current density and its hot spikes than particle radiation fluency. Therefore, the temperature-controlling chips and technique will play a key role in determining the CCD position accuracy.