The damage efficiency assessment of the cluster ammunition is important. In allusion to special targets and damage types, the index used for assessing the operational application effectiveness of cluster bomb is given. Then, a method of assessing the operational application effectiveness of cluster bomb attacking single target and collective targets on land is erected. At last, in combination with examples, the attack effectiveness of cluster bomb to the ground target is enumerated by using the effectiveness assessment software compiled in MATLAB and interrelated conclusions are educed. The calculation results show that the assessment method is reasonable and effective.